Our guides
Short, clear guides with diagrams, to keep at hand on the workbench. Each guide is a free A4 PDF: print it, keep it and share it (CC BY-ND 4.0). Signed by Ada Intelisano.
Wemos D1 mini: first steps
From the pinout to a small station showing time, date, temperature, humidity and pressure on an OLED display. For absolute beginners: hardware, software and firmware, with Arduino IDE or VS Code.
The multimeter: measuring voltage and current
Voltage is measured in parallel, current in series. It looks like a detail, but it is the difference between a reading and a blown fuse.
LEDs: forward voltage and series resistor
Each colour has its own voltage drop. Ohm’s law gives the right resistor for 3.3, 5, 9 and 12 V.
XIAO board pinouts
ESP32-C3, ESP32-S3, RP2040 and SAMD21: pinout, power consumption and suggested uses of the Seeed Studio XIAO boards, from official data.
THT and SMD/SMT components
Through-hole or surface mount: what changes, how to read size codes and which are easiest to hand-solder.
Relays: how to drive them and how much current they draw
A switch operated by an electromagnet: it separates the control circuit (coil) from the power circuit (contacts).
Bipolar transistor (BJT) or MOSFET?
Two ways to use a microcontroller pin as a switch: how they work, how to calculate them and when to choose one or the other.
N-channel and P-channel MOSFETs
What the difference is, where they go in the circuit and how to drive them from Arduino, ESP32 and similar boards.
Resistor colour code and tolerances
How to read the colour bands of a through-hole resistor, what tolerance means and which values actually exist.
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